Appendix 3.

Meteorological Observations in the Cold Season of 1854-5

Lieutenants Herne, Stroyan, and Burton.

Meteorological Observations by Lieut. Herne, at and near Berberah,

During the months of November and December, 1854.

Date.	Mountain Barometer.				Aneroid Barometer.
Date.	9 A.M.		3 P.M.		9 A.M.		3 P.M.
1854	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.
Nov. 17	-	-	-	-	30.065	78°	30.000	85°	At Aynterad.
Nov. 22	30.190	89°	-	-	30.200	89	-	-	At Berberah.
Nov. 23	30.190	88	30.150	87°	30.200	88	30.087	87	At Berberah.
Nov. 24	-	-	30.150	87	-	-	30.100	87	At Berberah.
Nov. 28	-	-	-	-	27.025	73	-	-	At the foot of the second range of hills
Dec. 2	-	-	-	-	27.175	72	27.150	81	At Garbadir.
Dec. 4	-	-	-	-	26.600	71	-	-	At half-past 1 p.m., barom. 24.600, therm. 68°, top of Gulays.
Dec. 5	-	-	-	-	26.600	73	26.625	80	At the foot of Gulays.
Dec. 6	-	-	-	-	26.625	73	-	-	At the foot of Gulays.
Dec. 15	-	-	30.190	81	-	-	-	-	At Berberah.
Dec. 16	30.300	88	-	-
Dec. 21	30.250	80	-	-
Dec. 22	30.200	80	30.130	81	-	-	-	-
Dec. 24	30.190	79	-	-
Dec. 25	30.150	88	30.050	83
Dec. 26	30.182	86	30.050	83
Dec. 27	30.190	70	-	-
Dec. 28	30.150	86	30.050	82
Dec. 29	30.200	88	30.050	82
Dec. 30	30.190	87	30.080	84
Dec. 31	30.200	85	30.080	84

Corrections for Mountain Barometer.

Capacities. 1/60.
Neutral point, 29.762.
Capillary action, +050.
Temperature, 60°.
Reading higher than Observatory Standard, 0.030.

Meteorological Observations by Lieut. Herne, at and near Berberah.

In January, 1855.

Date.	Mountain Barometer.				Aneroid Barometer.
Date.	9 A.M.		3 P.M.		9 A.M.		3 P.M.
1855	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.
Jan. 2	30.200	88°	30.100	87°					These were taken at Berberah during what is termed the N.E. Monsun, the wind invariably coming from that quarter. The wind used to set in about half-past 9 A.M. and died away about 10 P.M. A gentle land wind always set in towards the morning.
Jan. 3	30.180	83	30.080	84
Jan. 4	30.150	84	30.080	82
Jan. 5	-	-	30.033	83
Jan. 6	30.136	84	30.040	85
Jan. 7	30.128	84	-	-	30.030	84°
Jan. 8	30.150	81	30.044	84	30.075	81	29.975	84°
Jan. 10	30.170	78	30.100	83	30.050	82	30.025	84
Jan. 11	30.200	80	30.090	83	30.100	81	30.025	84
Jan. 12	30.228	82	-	-	30.125	83	-
Jan. 13	30.240	81	30.120	83	30.125	83	30.050	83
Jan. 15	30.025	78	30.150	82	30.125	83	30.100	82
Jan. 16	30.280	80	30.150	81	30.150	84	30.090	82
Jan. 17	30.290	80	-	-	30.175	85	-
Jan. 18	30.230	80	30.116	81	30.130	85	30.025	82
Jan. 19	30.132	77	30.100	82	30.075	81	30.025	83
Jan. 20	30.150	77	30.032	81	30.050	80	29.950	82
Jan. 21	30.150	78	30.028	81	30.025	83	29.950	82
Jan. 22	-	-	-	-
Jan. 23	30.190	78	30.072	82	30.075	80	30.000	83
Jan. 24	30.226	80	30.124	81	30.125	82	30.025	82
Jan. 25	30.246	79		-	30.150	82
Jan. 26	30.250	80	30.192	82	30.175	82	30.100	83
Jan. 27	30.250	80	30.150	82	30.175	83	30.075	83
Jan. 28	30.250	80	30.100	82	30.150	81	30.025	83
Jan. 29	30.160	79	-	-	30.075	82
Jan. 30	30.150	79	30.050	83	30.075	82	29.975	84

Corrections for Mountain Barometer.

Capacities 1/60.
Neutral point, 29.762.
Capillary action, +050.
Temperature, 60°.
Reading higher than Observatory Standard, 0.030.

Observations by Lieut. Herne, 1^st Bombay European Regiment of Fusiliers, taken at Berberah.

Date.	Mountain Barometer.				Aneroid Barometer.
Date.	Half-past 6 A.M.		Half-past 9 P.M.		Noon.		Half-past 3 P.M.
1855	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.	Barom.	Therm.
Feb. 8	30.238	76°	30.280	79°	30.210	82°	30.150	81°	A little rain this morning.
Aner.	30.125	76	30.200	78	30.125	80	30.050	80
Feb. 9	30.160	74				82
Aner.	30.060	74	-	-	-	-	-	-	Cloudy, and having the appearance of rain.
Feb. 10	30.150	76	30.210	83	30.140	84	30.091	82
Aner.	30.050	76	30.130	83	30.050	82	30.000	80	The last two at half-past 4.
Feb. 11	30.140	77	30.180	81	30.118	82	30.056	82
Aner.	30.030	76	30.100	81	30.050	80	30.000	80
Feb. 12	30.110	76	30.114	80	30.100	83	30.042	82
Aner.	30.010	76	30.075	79	30.025	82	29.960	80
Feb. 13	30.116	77	30.114	79	30.092	80	30.038	81	Raining among the hills close to Berberah.
Aner.	30.030	76	30.070	78	30.025	78.5	29.975	79
Feb. 14	30.086	77	30.118	78	30.116	77	30.040	75	Had rain more or less up to 3 p.m.
Aner.	30.015	76	30.090	77	30.050	76	29.950	74
Feb. 15	30.100	74	-	-	30.110	76	30.050	75	Rain more or less the whole day.
Aner.	30.000	73	-	-	30.025	74	29.950	74
Feb. 16	-	-	-	-	30.026	79.5	29.982	77.5
Aner.	-	-	-	-	29.912	78	29.900	76	Rain more or less the whole day.
Feb. 17	-	-	30.100	77	30.046	80	30.000	79	Rain in the morning; remainder of day fine.
Aner.	-	-	30.000	76	29.950	79	29.915	78
Feb. 18	-	-	30.100	89	30.068	80	30.016	78	Rain in the morning.
Aner.	-	-	30.012	78	29.960	78	29.925	77	Rain in the afternoon.
Feb. 19*	Aner.	-	30.025	-	29.975	76	29.915	76	Rain the whole day.
Feb. 20 Aner.	29.925	73	30.000	79	29.960	86	29.925	83	Mountain barom. packed up.
Feb. 21 Aner.	29.950	73	30.025	77	30.000	83	29.950	82
Feb. 22 Aner.	30.000	75	30.075	81	30.050	84	30.000	85
Feb. 23 Aner.	-	-	30.060	81	30.050	84
Feb. 24 Aner.	30.025	77	30.075	84	30.060	88	30.000	84
Feb. 25 Moun.	30.142	74	30.236	83	30.200	88	-	-	Mountain barometer.
Aner.	30.012	73	30.125	83	30.110	86
Feb. 26 Moun.	-	-	30.304	82	30.246	87	30.200	84
Aner.	-	-	30.175	83	30.150	86	30.075	83	N.B.--The Aneroid for February, 1855, was .027 higher than Mountain barometer corrected for temperature.
Feb. 27	-	-	30.284	81	30.218	86	30.148	83
Aner.	-	-	30.150	82	30.112	85	30.050	83
Feb. 28	30.200	70	30.264	82	30.228	86	30.120	85
Aner.	30.060	68	30.160	83	30.125	85	30.050	84
Mar. 1	30.184	72	-	-	30.172	86	30.134	84.5
Aner.	30.050	72	-	-	30.075	86	30.050	83
Mar. 2	Aner.	-	30.050	82
Mar. 5	Dubar Aner.	-	-	-	29.500	83	29.425	82
Mar. 6 Aner.	-	-	29.500	84	29.460	82	29.400	82
Mar. 7	29.460	80

* Moved into a tent from temporary house.

Mountain Barometer--
Capacities 1/60.
Neutral point, 29.762.
Capillary action, +050.
Temperature, 60°.
Reading higher than Observatory Standard, 030.

Thermometric Observations by Lieut. Burton,

During the months of November, December 1854 and Jan. 1855.

Date	Temperature			Remarks.
Date	6 a.m.	Noon	4 p.m.	Remarks.
1854
Nov. 4	78°	83°	83°	At Zayla. Thermometer placed in a room opening to the S. and W. Day cloudy, cirri; nights cool, heavy dew. Sea breeze from N.E.
5	81	82	-	Cirro-cumuli.
6	77	82	82	On the terrace at dawn 71°; in the sun at noon 118°. Sky clear; heavy dew at night.
7	78	81	-	Misty morning; dark horizon.
8	77	81	83	Air oppressive.
9	76	82	82
10	76	82	78
11	77	82	-	Zayla is open to both the land breeze (al-barri) and the sea breeze (al-bahri). The sea breeze usually set in at 10 a.m., and continued as at Aden until sunset. Wind from W. and S.W. The land breeze endured from nightfall till 8 a.m., when there was generally a calm. Wind from N.E.
12	78	83	83	Nimbus in morning from E. and N.E. Cloudy day. Horizon dark at nightfall.
13	77	83	-	Hazy day; cold clear night.
14	75	81	83	Cold night; clear day.
15	79	83	83	Rain clouds gathering. Rain expected by people about this time.
16	79	83	84	Cloudy morning. In afternoon rain fell upon southern hills. Atmosphere close in plain.
17	82	83	84	Thunder in morning; close and cloudy at noon. At night rain fell on hills.
18	80	83	84	Cloudy morning.
19	81	83	83	Cloudy forenoon.
20	82	82	82	Rained heavily at Zayla from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Rain from N.E.
21	81	82	-	Fine clear day. Lightning at night.
22	82	83	-	Black clouds in morning from S.E. Windy night. Lightning from N.
23	82	83	83	Cloudy morning. Clear day.
24	76	82	82	Cool morning. Hot cloudy day.
25	78	82	-	Cool morning. Hot cloudy day.
26	77	82	82	Fresh morning. Cloudless day. Fine evening. All signs of rain have vanished.
27	76	82	-	Cloudless day. Cool night. Left Zayla at 3 p.m. on 27^th Nov.
28	-	88	88	In hut at Gudingars on Zayla Plain. Sea breeze at 10 a.m.
29	73	-	88	At same place. Rain expected.
30	-	88	86	Cloudy morning. Cool day.
Dec. 1	72	86	84	In hut. Light clouds at dawn. Hot day.
3	-	82	80	In hut below hills. Nimbus in morning. Hot sun.
4	70	80	-	Rain at 8 a.m. Cloudy day. Heavy dew at night.
5	-	80	-	In open air under tree. Hot sun. Cold night breeze.
6	-	79	80	In hut at foot of ascent. Wind gusty. Day cool and cloudy.
7	63	-	71	Under tree. Clear cold day. Hot sun at noon 107°.
8	52	73	-	Under tree. Cloudy morning. Cold day.
10	51	74	72	In hut below hills. Clear day; cold in shade; hot in sun.
11	56	72	-	Fine clear day. Atmosphere resembling that of Pisa, in Tuscany.
12	52	-	-	In hut. Hot sun. Cold wind.
13	61	78	80	In hut at Harawwah valley. No rain; season sickly; drought and dysentery.
14	54	-	-	Sun very hot, 120° at noon.
17	52	79	-	In hut at Agjogsi. At dawn 41°.
18	50	76	-	At Agjogsi, under the hill Koralay. Fine clear weather. Nomads lament want of rain.
19	41	71	-	At Agjogsi, under the hill Koralay. Fine clear weather. Nomads lament want of rain.
20	40	72	-	At Agjogsi, under the hill Koralay. Fine clear weather. Nomads lament want of rain.
21	42	74	-	At Agjogsi, under the hill Koralay. Fine clear weather. Nomads lament want of rain.
22	41	82	-	In hut under Konti hill. Close day.
23	51	-	-	Observations taken in open air.
24	-	73	72	In hut under Gurays hills. Sun powerful
25	42	72	71	At the same place. Cool day.
26	51	-	-	Ditto. Till end of December cold winds and hot sun.
1855
Jan. 3	68	-	-	In hut below Kondura.
15	61	71	68	High wind. Cumuli. Furious wind at night. In hut, at Wilensi.
16	58	69	69	Fine clear day. In hut, at Wilensi.
17	56	72	6	Clouds on hill tops. Cold night and high wind. In hut, at Wilensi.
18	-	70	70	Hot day. No wind or clouds. In hut, at Wilensi.
19	56	77	73	Hot day. Cloudless warm night. In hut, at Wilensi.
20	56	78	-	Day hot and cloudless. In hut, at Wilensi.
21	57	77	-	Fine warm day. In hut, at Wilensi.
22	56	-	-	Left Wilensi. Hot day. Nimbi at 2 p.m. No rain. Warm light.
23	66	73	77	In the Marar Prairie. Warm cloudy day.

Thermometer Boiled.

Place.	Degrees.	Temperature.	Corrected Altitude.
Zayla (sea level)	210°	83°
Halimalah (hill-top)	204	64	3.347
Agjogsi (foot of Harar hills)	201	79	5.155
Wilensi (near Harar)	200	70	5.656 Harar about 5.500
Berberah (level of sea)	210	86